Field Biologist, Science Communicator, Conservation Photographer

100 Years of Conservation in Custer State Park – A Photo Essay

One of the largest state parks in the United States, Custer State Park in the Black Hills of South Dakota, is celebrating its 100-year anniversary this year.

I traveled to the park in June, and I was blown away by the beautiful landscapes and the abundance of wildlife that are free to roam their natural habitats. None of these things would have persisted in this way without the vision of Peter Norbeck, the park’s founder, the dedication of hundreds of state land managers, park workers, and the public’s support in preserving this special place over the years.

As R.A. Hodgins, the Director of the South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks Department in 1969 said, “Creation of Custer State Park has been more than merely taking an area and proclaiming it as a park. Years of toil without sufficient funds or help often made the dream difficult…But the dogged determination of these unrewarded individuals kept it alive” (Tatanka, 2019).  

This photo essay is a celebration of the diversity of wildlife and natural habitats generations of visitors have, and can continue to, experience at Custer State Park. This successful park is a testament to our cultural values of having natural places to enjoy.   

May we all continue to value and protect natural habitats and the species that reside within them, both inside and outside of park boundaries.


Diverse Habitats

The park encompasses 70,750 acres and has three very distinct types of geography; steep granite spires, forested hills, and rolling grasslands. The main ecosystem types of the park are forestland, mixed grassland, and water and riparian (stream edge) areas (South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks, 2010). This section showcases the variety of natural areas within the park.

Mixed Grassland

A gravel road winds through the rolling hills of a yellow-tinted grassland under a blue and cloud-dappled sky.
A road winds through rolling hills of the mixed grassland.
Purple flowers in full bloom in the mixed grassland.

Granite Spires

A motorcyclist zooms past the Cathedral Spires area of Needles Highway.

Forestland

A rock face in the foreground opens up to an expansive view over rocky outcroppings and pine trees.
An overlook from the Black Elk Peak hiking trail.

Abundant Animals

Throughout the park’s existence, wildlife management has been a priority. When the park was first established in 1919, many of the animal species had been hunted nearly to extinction. So, to repopulate the area, a variety of historically native animals were reestablished in the park through stocking programs. These stocking programs, combined with other management strategies, were successful and now there is an abundance of animals in the park. This section is not an all-encompassing list of species that can be found in the park, but it is a sample of what I saw and photographed on my short journey.

Mixed Grassland Wildlife

A pronghorn antelope takes a break from grazing to survey the landscape.
A large portion of the bison herd grazes in the rolling hills before darkness falls.

Forestland Wildlife

Aquatic Wildlife

A painted turtle crosses one of the park’s backroads.

100 Years and Beyond

Custer State Park is truly a wild and wonderful natural park! Places like this survive because we put value on having natural spaces and protecting species so they can survive in their natural environments.    

It’s up to each of us to continue to value and protect natural habitats and the species that reside within them, both inside and outside of park boundaries. With an attitude of respect and concern for these creatures and their spaces, we can continue to choose behaviors that protect our environment and help natural places like Custer State Park survive 100 more years and beyond!


If you would like to visit Custer State Park, please see their website to start planning.

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